Distributed Systems
Understanding the CAP Theorem
A practical look at consistency, availability, and partition tolerance — and why you can only pick two during a network partition.
The CAP theorem states that a distributed data store can guarantee at most two of three properties simultaneously: Consistency (every read returns the most recent write), Availability (every request gets a non-error response), and Partition Tolerance (the system continues operating despite network partitions). Because partitions are unavoidable in real networks, the practical choice is always between consistency and availability.
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Dependency Injection and IoC Containers
Invert control of dependency creation to keep classes decoupled from their collaborators and trivially testable.
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The Observer Pattern and Event-Driven Design
Decouple publishers from subscribers by letting objects register interest in events without the producer knowing who is listening.
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The Strategy Pattern: Encapsulating Algorithms
Define a family of algorithms, encapsulate each one, and make them interchangeable — open for extension, closed for modification.